Rental Contract Must-Read Clause Guide: Legal Traps & Rights Protection

Signing a rental contract is often the first time many young people independently handle a legal document. A moment of carelessness can land you in a trap — wrongful deposit deductions, sudden rent hikes, forced eviction. This article helps you understand the key clauses line by line, so you know exactly what rights you have.

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📋 Contract Basic Information Verification

Before signing, first verify these basic details:

Landlord Identity Verification

Is the landlord the property owner? → Request to see the Real Estate Ownership Certificate (property deed) to confirm the landlord's name matches the document → Prevents situations where a "sub-landlord" has no right to rent or exceeds the sublease term
If dealing with an agent/sub-landlord → Request to see the original lease contract + the original landlord's written authorization for subleasing → Confirm whether the sublease clause permits it and whether the sublease term falls within the original contract period
Verify if the property has a mortgage or lien → Check with the local Real Estate Registration Center (some cities offer online inquiries) → A mortgaged property could be repossessed by the bank

💰 Deposit Clause

Reasonable Deposit Range

Common in China: One month deposit + three months rent / Two months deposit + one month rent, etc.
Some cities have legal limits (e.g., Beijing's 2021 "Housing Rental Regulations" cap deposits at 3 months' rent)

Deposit Refund Clause Must Be Clear

The contract must specify:

Deposit refund timeline: How many days after moving out (recommend 7-15 days)
Deduction standards: How to define normal wear and tear (from regular use) vs. intentional damage
Refund method: Bank transfer (keeps a record), do not accept verbal promises of cash

Your rights:

Wear and tear from normal use (e.g., minor wall scuffs, worn door handles) is "reasonable wear and tear" — the landlord cannot deduct from your deposit for this
Intentional damage (e.g., a cracked sink, large-scale floor damage) requires compensation
Keep photos/videos of the unit upon move-in as proof of "original condition"

🗓️ Lease Term & Renewal Clause

Lease Term Clarity

Clearly state: Lease start and end dates (year, month, day)
Automatic renewal clause: Watch for clauses that include "automatic renewal" with a rent increase

Early Termination Clause

Clauses in your favor:

Notice period of X days to terminate (typically 30-60 days)
Cap on early termination penalty (recommend no more than 1 month's rent)

Watch out for unfavorable clauses:

"For any reason of early termination, the full deposit is forfeited" → Needs to be negotiated
"Early termination requires payment of the remaining lease rent" → Clearly unreasonable, request deletion

Landlord Reclaiming the Property Early

The contract should specify: If the landlord unilaterally terminates the lease early, they must give X days' notice
You have the right to demand compensation (e.g., a penalty for early termination)

🔧 Repair Responsibility Division

Legal Principle

Major repairs (structure, plumbing, main electrical lines) → Landlord's responsibility
Minor repairs/daily maintenance (changing light bulbs, replacing filters, etc.) → Tenant's responsibility
The specific division should be agreed upon in the contract

Repair Clauses to Include in the Contract

Response time for repair requests (e.g., "Landlord must complete repairs within X days of notification")
Emergency handling (e.g., if a water pipe bursts, can you handle it yourself and deduct the cost from rent?)
Course of action if the landlord persistently fails to make repairs

🏘️ Sublease & Co-tenant Clause

Is Subleasing Allowed?

If you might need to sublet a room to someone else, this must be explicitly allowed in the contract
Subleasing without the landlord's consent: The landlord has the right to terminate the contract

Co-tenant Registration

The contract should allow your family members/spouse to live with you
Some contracts limit the "number of occupants" — confirm if this is reasonable

💡 Rent Adjustment Clause

Clauses to Watch Out For

"During the contract term, the landlord has the right to adjust rent according to market rates" → This means rent can be raised at any time, which is unreasonable. You should request a fixed rent or an agreed-upon maximum increase percentage.

Reasonable Clauses

Fixed rent for the entire lease term
Negotiate new rent upon renewal (or agree on an increase not exceeding X%)

🚪 Move-in & Move-out Clauses

Before Moving In

Create a Move-in Checklist, listing:
- Inventory of furniture and appliances and their current condition
- Initial readings for water, electricity, and gas meters
- Existing damage (take photos/video for records, both parties sign off)

When Moving Out

Both parties conduct a joint inspection (not just one side)
Confirm the move-out date and key return method
Sign a Move-out Checklist, stating the deposit refund amount and timeline

⚠️ Common Traps & How to Handle Them

Trap 1: "It's in the contract, but verbally it's different"

→ Always rely on the written contract; don't trust verbal promises → Even if you agree on something verbally, get it written into the contract as a supplementary clause

Trap 2: Deposit never returned (various excuses for delay)

→ Keep the move-out checklist and mutual confirmation records → If not refunded after the contractually agreed time: Send a formal demand letter, keep evidence, and file a complaint with the local Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission or pursue legal action

Trap 3: Landlord suddenly decides to sell and demands immediate move-out

→ "Sale does not break a lease" principle: The buyer must inherit the lease and cannot evict you → Prerequisite: The lease must have been registered and filed before the property sale

Trap 4: Agency fee sharing issues

→ The "Housing Rental Regulations" require: Agency fees are negotiated between the landlord and tenant; the party that hires the agent pays the fee → In theory, the agent cannot make you pay the full agency fee (if the landlord hired the agent)

Trap 5: Unscrupulous agents with "hidden fees"

→ Confirm all fees before signing the contract (list them in the contract) → Do not pay vague fees outside the contract like "service fees" or "management fees"

📱 Essential Evidence Checklist

Throughout the entire rental period, always keep:

Photo of the property deed (taken when verifying the landlord's identity)
Photo of the landlord's ID (confirmed when signing the contract)
Move-in checklist (signed by both parties) + photos/video of the entire unit
Rent payment receipts (bank transfer records)
All maintenance communication records (WeChat/SMS screenshots)
Move-out checklist (signed by both parties)
Deposit refund record

📚 Relevant Legal Basis

The "Civil Code" Contract Section: Provisions related to lease contracts (Articles 703 to 734)
Various city "Housing Rental Management Regulations" (some cities have local laws)
Online filing/registration system: Many cities require lease contracts to be filed online; contracts with registration have stronger legal effect

This article is based on Civil Code contract law knowledge and practical rental experience. Please consult a legal professional for specific situations. Contains no brand or agency recommendations.